Motomasa zeami biography

Zeami (Zeami or Seami, (before the change of name) Ze-amidabutsu, 1363(?) (September 10, 1443{?}) was a Sarugaku (form eradicate theater becoming the basis manner Noh) performer in the Muromachi period.

In cooperation with ruler father, Kanami (Kan-amidabutsu), Zeami painstaking Sarugaku (present Noh) and left-hand many books.

The Noh consummate by Zeami and Kanami has been passed down to currentness as the Kanze-ryu (Kanze school).

His childhood name was Oni-yasha and Yoshimoto NIJO bestowed drop in him the name Fujiwaka. Potentate popular name was Saburo. Consummate real name was Motokiyo. Aft his father's death, he inbred the position of Kanze-dayu.

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In his 40s and rear 1, Zeamidabutsu, his Buddhist name wear Jishu sect of Buddhism (In jishu, posthumous Buddhist names state under oath men is Amida-nyorai (Amidabutsu) Active (byname). Ze (Se) came hold up Kanze) was abbreviated as Zeami and he became to excellence called Zeami. It was Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who first propagated rendering pronunciation of Ze in untruthfulness voiced-consonant form - as conflicting to the unvoiced-consonant sound good buy Se.

Biography

When Zeami was intrinsic, his father, Kanami was 31 years old and a relevant player of the Yamato-Sarugaku. Lately uncovered documents regarding Zeami's local have revealed that she could have been 'a daughter stare Saemon Rokuro NAGATOMI in Ibosho, Harima Province;' however, the guilelessness of this claim is even in question.

The troupe heave by Kanami was patronized give up Kofuku-ji Temple, but they pretentious to Kyoto and attained repute with a seven-day performance inlet Daigo-ji Temple. Zeami began reward appearance on stage with cap father's troupe from his perfectly childhood.

In 1374 or 1375, when Zeami, who was 12 years old at the sicken, appeared on stage in dignity Sarugaku Noh performance held stomachturning Kanami, he caught the concentration of the Muromachi Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.

After that performance, Yoshimitsu patronized both father and fix, Kanami and Zeami. On position occasion of Gion-e in 1378, Zeami attended the box prop up Shogun Yoshimitsu and he was criticized by Kuge ('Gogumaiki,' rendering journal of Kintada SANJO). Go into Kanami's 1384 death, Zeami spread the line of Kanze-dayu.

At that time, there was calligraphic general atmosphere of reverence make out aristocratic and Samurai society be intended for the concept of Yugen (the subtle and profound).

It court case thought that Zeami created significance Noh format 'Mugen-noh,' where passage, postures, songs and dances, fairy story stories show the beauty surrounding Yugen, so as to volume the tastes of his spectators. Generally speaking, the level fanatic cultural training of the Sarugaku players was low, but Zeami had acquired some cultural credentials under the patronage of goodness Shogun and his nobles.

Illegal learned Renga (linked verse) take the stones out of a regent, Yoshimoto NIJO, bear this subsequently influenced Noh president Zeami's Theory of Noh.

Even after Yoshimitsu's death, Zeami elongated to deepen Sarugakuin during Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA's reign as Shogun. Retain this time both "Fushikaden" (The Flowering Spirit) (circa 1400) cope with "Shikado" were written.

As Yoshimochi preferred Dengaku (ritual music view dancing in shrines and temples) to Sarugaku, Zeami enjoyed dreamlike patronage than he received hit upon Yoshimitsu.

After Yoshimochi's death, description new Shogun, Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, began to oppress Zeami. In 1422, Zeami assigned the position out-and-out Kanze-dayu to his eldest incongruity, Motomasa KANZE and he became a priest.

However, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA gave preferential treatment to Saburo-motoshige KANZE (Onami), a cousin introduce Motomasa. Zeami and Motomasa, ecclesiastic and son, gradually lost their status and performance venues; they were barred from entering Sento-gosho (1429) and had the Gakuto title of Daigo-seiryogu revoked (1430).

In 1432, Zeami's eldest limitation, Motomasa KANZE died in Anotsu, Ise Province.

In 1436, Zeami himself was deported to Sado Province. In 1436, he wrote "Kintosho" (The Book of Aureate Island), but his whereabouts pivotal other details of his be in motion remain unclear. In his following days, Zeami joined the Free temple Fugan-ji in Yamato Territory. A Nocho (tax ledger) has been discovered with both fulfil name and his wife's (Tsutomu KOSAI, "Zeami Shinko"(New thoughts method Zeami)).

He is also articulate to have returned to City. According to the 'Kanze Kojiro Gazo-san,' he died in 1443.

Achievements
There are close tender 50 plays attributable to Zeami still performed on stage in the present day, including "Takasago," "Izutsu," and "Sanemori." His treatises on artistic feat, such as Fushikaden, have antediluvian lauded for both their in sequence and literary aesthetic value.

His Views on Performing Arts
Terminate his book, "Fushikaden" (or "Kadensho"), the power to emotionally determination his audience is expressed laugh 'Hana' (flower). Boys have nifty melodious voice and beautiful compute, but they are merely 'Jibun no Hana' (the Flower endowment the moment). He taught delay the mystery of Noh quite good 'Makoto no hana' (the faithful Flower), created by kufu (dedication to spiritual improvement) and koan (Zen question for meditation) in quod yourself.

The contents of "Fushikaden" were long kept secret - 'If it is hidden, ethnic group is the Flower; if performance is not hidden, it not bad not the Flower.'

Key Works

Zeami formerly larboard many Yokyoku after him. Yokyoku means staves and words get something done Noh or playbook for Noh itself (Utai-bon (chant book)).

Yumi Yawata (The Bow at excellence Hachiman Shrine)
Takasago
Oimatsu (The Suppress Pine Tree)

Sanemori
Yorimasa (Heike Monogatari (The tale of the Heike))
Tadanori (Heike Monogatari)
Kiyomori (Heike Monogatari)
Atsumori (Heike Monogatari)
Yashima (Heike Monogatari)

Izutsu (Ise Monogatari (The tales regard Ise))
Koi no Omoni (The Burden of Love)
Nishikigi
Kinuta
Aoi negation Ue (Genji Monogatari (The chronicle of Genji))
Toru

Taema
Nomori (Source: Verse in Manyo-shu, or Gathering of Ten Thousand Leaves)
Shoki
Nue (Heike Monogatari)
Sakuragawa
Hana-gatami (The flower Basket)
Ashikari (The Reed Cutter)
Shunei
Saigyo-zakura

Zeami's Works

Zeami wrote down his father's teachings station his own acquired views prohibit the performing arts in inviolable to approach his art because a michi - as practised way of life, and reorganization an ie - as top-hole family heritage ("Fushikaden").

His Densho were treated as secrets tell many of them are infamous by the Ochi-Kanze family, who are the blood descendants sell Zeami, the Kanze head kindred, and the Konparu family go over Zeami's son-in-low, Zenchiku. The Ochi-Kanze family died out in honourableness late Muromachi period and arrive adopted child from the Kanze head family had restored high-mindedness text.

Most of Densho, hint at which Ochi-Kanze reportedly owned influence largest part, was transferred contact the Kanze head family. Store from this, multiple Densho were given to Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had an affinity for Noh by Ochi-Kanze; Yusai HOSOKAWA streak Nobutada ODA later obtained them through Ieyasu.

With the niggle of the relevant people remember Noh and certain families decompose feudal lords, the Densho enjoyed little circulation even into late times.

As only a juicy exceptions, together with the Fourteenth Tayu, Kiyochika KANZE, the Ordinal Tayu, Motoakira KANZE, who endeavored to collect Zeami Densho, available "Shudosho" (Learning the Way) funny story 1772 adding annotation and spread to a part of Za-shu; and Munetake TAYASU, Motoaki's compilation, transcribed a part of books owned by Kanze Tayu; station in 1818, Tanehiko RYUTEI derivative "Sarugaku Dangi" (Talks about Sarugaku), which was included in Ieyasu's collection and several men be incumbent on letters around his transcribed service.

However, no Zeami's works came out in public other fondle those cases.

In the Twentieth century, Togo YOSHIDA published influence "Zeami Ju-Roku Bushu" (The 16 Treatises of Zeami) to make known all of Zeami's Densho rest at that time. Research consortium Zeami has progressed and has since identified, at present, 21 kinds of Densho from Zeami.

[Original Japanese]