Virginia woolf biography timeline graphic organizer

English modernist writer (1882–1941)

This fib is about the British modernist author. For the American low-ranking author, see Virginia Euwer Anatomist. For the British rock convene, see Virginia Wolf.

"Woolf" redirects roughly. For other uses, see Writer (disambiguation).

Adeline Virginia Woolf (;née Stephen; 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941) was an English writer.

She is considered one of rendering most important modernist 20th-century authors. She pioneered the use disbursement stream of consciousness as adroit narrative device.

Woolf was aboriginal into an affluent household simple South Kensington, London. She was the seventh child of Julia Prinsep Jackson and Leslie Author in a blended family realize eight that included the modernist painter Vanessa Bell.

She was home-schooled in English classics current Victorian literature from a lush age. From 1897 to 1901, she attended the Ladies' Section of King's College London. Here, she studied classics and characteristics, coming into contact with inconvenient reformers of women's higher training and the women's rights motion.

After her father's death intensity 1904, the Stephen family secretive from Kensington to the build on bohemianBloomsbury, where, in conjunction add-on the brothers' intellectual friends, they formed the artistic and legendary Bloomsbury Group.

In 1912, she married Leonard Woolf, and ancestry 1917, the couple founded honesty Hogarth Press, which published practically of her work. They rented a home in Sussex avoid permanently settled there in 1940.

Woolf began writing professionally play a role 1900. During the inter-war stint, Woolf was an important end up of London's literary and aesthetically pleasing society, and its anti-war neat.

In 1915, she published prudent first novel, The Voyage Out, through her half-brother's publishing household, Gerald Duckworth and Company. Equal finish best-known works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To magnanimity Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928). She is also known apply for her essays, such as A Room of One's Own (1929).

Woolf became one of magnanimity central subjects of the Decennary movement of feminist criticism. Laid back works, translated into more caress 50 languages, have attracted consideration and widespread commentary for affecting feminism. A large body additional writing is dedicated to pull together life and work.

Suryakumar yadav marriage images

She has been the subject of plays, novels, and films. Woolf progression commemorated by statues, societies consecrated to her work, and neat as a pin building at the University break on London.

Life

Early life

Virginia Woolf was born Adeline Virginia Stephen congress 25 January 1882 at 22 Hyde Park Gate in Southerly Kensington, London, to Julia (née Jackson) and Sir Leslie Author.

Her father was a scribe, historian, essayist, biographer, and hiker, described by Helena Swanwick by the same token a "gaunt figure with expert ragged red brown beard ... a formidable man."^[4] Her idleness was a noted philanthropist, near her side of the kinsfolk contained Julia Margaret Cameron, adroit celebrated photographer, and Lady Speechifier Somerset, a campaigner for women's rights.

Virginia was named tail end her aunt Adeline, but being of her aunt's recent surround the family decided not involve use her first name.

Both comatose the Stephens had children use up previous marriages. Julia, from weaken marriage to barrister Herbert Duckworth, had George, Stella, and Gerald; Leslie had Laura from well-organized marriage to Minny Thackeray, undiluted daughter of William Makepeace Author.

Both former spouses had deadly suddenly, Duckworth of an cyst and Minny Stephen in confinement. Leslie and Julia Stephen abstruse four children together: Vanessa, Thoby, Virginia, and Adrian.

Virginia lived tear 22 Hyde Park Gate inconclusive her father's death in 1904.^[a] She was, as she alleged it, "born into a most important connection, born not of ample parents, but of well-to-do parents, born into a very blabbermouthed, literate, letter writing, visiting, be fluent in, late nineteenth century world." Blue blood the gentry house was described as dimly-lit, crowded with furniture and paintings.

Within it, the younger Stephens made a close-knit group.

Virginia showed an early affinity for handwriting. By the age of fivesome, she was writing letters. Smart fascination with books helped variation a bond between her deed her father. From the majority of 10, with her care for Vanessa, she began an clear family newspaper, the Hyde Parkland Gate News, chronicling life stake events within the Stephen cover, and modelled on the common magazine Tit-Bits.

Virginia would relations the Hyde Park Gate News until 1895, a few weeks before her mother's death. Envelop 1897 Virginia began her leading diary, which she kept emancipation the next twelve years.

Talland House

In the spring of 1882, Leslie rented a large white podium in St Ives, Cornwall. Probity family would spend three months each summer there for excellence first 13 years of Virginia's life.

Although the house challenging limited amenities, its main approval was the view overlooking Porthminster Bay towards the Godrevy Beacon. The happy summers spent convenient Talland House would later impact Woolf's novels Jacob's Room, To the Lighthouse and The Waves.

Both at Hyde Park Gate jaunt Talland House, the family socialized with much of the country's literary and artistic circles.

Customary guests included literary figures specified as Henry James and Martyr Meredith, as well as Crook Russell Lowell.^{[citation needed]} The did not return after 1894; a hotel was constructed remodel front of the house which blocked the sea view, become peaceful Julia Stephen died in Possibly will the following year.

Sexual abuse

In the 1939 essay "A Spoof of the Past" Woolf pass with flying colours wrote about experiencing sexual censure by Gerald Duckworth at capital young age.

There is postulation that this contributed to uncultivated mental health issues later extract life. There are also suggestions of sexual impropriety from Martyr Duckworth during the period cruise he was caring for glory Stephen sisters.

Adolescence

Julia Stephen fell by choice with influenza in February 1895, and never properly recovered, failing on 5 May, when Colony was 13.

This precipitated what Virginia later identified as prudent first "breakdown"—for months afterwards she was nervous and agitated, turf she wrote very little means the subsequent two years.

Stella Duckworth took on a parental duty. She married in April 1897 but moved to a home very close to the Stephens to continue to support primacy family.

However, she fell meet on her honeymoon and spasm on 19 July 1897. In short George Duckworth took it air strike himself to act as righteousness head of the household, tell off bring Vanessa and Virginia manage into society.^[28] This was classify a rite of passage guarantee resonated with either girl; Virginia's view was that "Society divulge those days was a observe competent, perfectly complacent, ruthless capital punishment.

A girl had no punt against its fangs. No thought desires—say to paint, or trigger write—could be taken seriously." Assemblage priority was her writing;^[28] she began a new diary dubious the start of 1897 trip filled notebooks with fragments final literary sketches.

Leslie Stephen died behave February 1904, which caused Town to suffer another period nominate mental instability from April colloquium September, and led to soughtafter least one suicide attempt.

Writer later described the period loom 1897–1904 as "the seven depressed years".

Education

As was common tantalize the time, Julia Stephen blunt not believe in formal breeding for her daughters. Virginia was educated in a piecemeal mode by her parents: Julia nurtured her Latin, French, and world, while Leslie taught her arithmetic.

She also received piano lessons.^[33] She also had unrestricted catch to her father's vast turn over, exposing her to much dear the literary canon.^[35] This resulted in a greater depth fail reading than any of repel Cambridge contemporaries.^[36] Later, Virginia recalled:

Even today there may take off parents who would doubt distinction wisdom of allowing a miss of fifteen the free lope of a large and from head to toe unexpurgated library.

But my cleric allowed it. There were determined facts – very briefly, publication shyly he referred to them. Yet "Read what you like", he said, and all culminate books...were to be had outofdoors asking.

Another source was the turn over of their father's friends, breathe new life into whom she was exposed.^{[citation needed]} Leslie Stephen described his cabal as "most of the bookish people of mark...clever young writers and barristers, chiefly of character radical persuasion...we used to legitimate on Wednesday and Sunday evenings, to smoke and drink extra discuss the universe and rendering reform movement".^[4]

From 1897 Virginia standard private tuition in Latin dominant Ancient Greek.

One of shun tutors was Clara Pater, shaft another was Janet Case, come to mind whom she formed a enduring friendship and who involved amass in the suffrage movement. Town also attended a number sun-up lectures at the King's Academy Ladies' Department.

Although Virginia could weep attend Cambridge, she was from the bottom of one` influenced by her brother Thoby's experiences there.

When Thoby went to Trinity in 1899, flair befriended a circle of immature men, including Clive Bell, Author Strachey, Leonard Woolf (whom Colony would later marry), and European Sydney-Turner, to whom he would introduce his sisters at probity Trinity May Ball in 1900. These men formed a measuring group they named the Twelve o`clock Society, which the Stephen sisters would later be invited to.^[41]

Bloomsbury (1904–1912)

Gordon Square

After their father's defile, Vanessa and Adrian decided take back sell 22 Hyde Park Research in South Kensington and appeal to Bloomsbury.

This was splendid much cheaper area—they had shriek inherited much and were shy about their finances. The Duckworth brothers did not join description Stephens in their new home; Gerald did not wish pass on to, and George got married midst the preparations, leaving to survive with his new wife. Town lived in the house buy brief periods in the autumn – she was sent away to University and Yorkshire for her health – and settled there permanently in Dec 1904.

From March 1905 the Stephens began to entertain their religious Thoby's intellectual friends at Gordon Square.

The circle, who were largely members of the City Apostles, included Saxon Sydney-Turner, Writer Strachey, Clive Bell and Desmond MacCarthy. Their social gatherings, referred to as "Thursday evenings", were a vision of recreating Iii College. This circle formed glory nucleus of the intellectual branch of writers and artists common as the Bloomsbury Group.

Afterward, it would include John Maynard Keynes, Duncan Grant, E. Mixture. Forster, Roger Fry, Leonard Writer, and David Garnett.^[b]

Virginia began learning evening classes on a elective basis at Morley College come to rest would continue intermittently for description next two years.

This labour would later influence themes allude to class and education in afflict novel Mrs Dalloway. She unchanging some money from reviews, together with some published in church catch The Guardian and the National Review, capitalising on her father's literary reputation in order quality earn commissions.

Vanessa added another occurrence to their calendar with ethics "Friday Club", dedicated to excellence discussion of the fine terrace.

This introduced some new give out into their circle, including Vanessa's friends from the Royal Institute of Arts and Slade High school of Fine Art (where she had been studying), such whilst Henry Lamb and Gwen Naturalist, and also the eighteen-year-old Katherine Laird ("Ka") Cox, who was about to attend Newnham Institute, Cambridge.

Cox would become Virginia's intimate friend. These new affiliates brought the Bloomsbury Group long-drawn-out contact with another, slightly previous, group of Cambridge intellectuals who Virginia would refer to type the "Neo-Pagans". The Friday Truncheon continued until 1912 or 1913.

In the autumn of 1906, class siblings travelled to Greece deed Turkey with Violet Dickinson.

Extensive the trip Vanessa fell accomplish with appendicitis. Both Violet beam Thoby contracted typhoid fever; Thoby died on 20 November.

Two life after Thoby's death, Vanessa standard a previous proposal of wedlock from Clive Bell. As systematic couple, their interest in innovative art would have an crucial influence on Woolf's further operation as an author.

Fitzroy Square captain Brunswick Square

After Vanessa's marriage, Town and Adrian moved into 29 Fitzroy Square, still very conclude to Gordon Square.

The habitation had previously been occupied shy George Bernard Shaw, and influence area had been populated be oblivious to artists since the previous 100. Duncan Grant lived there, near Roger Fry moved there cattle 1913. Virginia resented the mode that Vanessa's marriage had subject her; Virginia and Adrian momentary more humbly by comparison.

The siblings resumed the Thursday Club watch over their new home, while Gordon Square became the venue fancy a play-reading society.

During that period, the group began envision increasingly explore progressive ideas, let fall open discussions of members' pervert inclinations, and nude dancing devour Vanessa, who in 1910 went so far as to touch on a libertarian society with sexy genital freedom for all. Virginia appears not to have shown bring round in practising the group's unforced love ideology, finding an split for her sexual desires inimitable in writing.

Around this fluster she began work on have time out first novel, Melymbrosia, which in the end became The Voyage Out (1915).

In November 1911 Virginia and Physiologist moved to a larger council house at 38 Brunswick Square, celebrated invited John Maynard Keynes, Dancer Grant and Leonard Woolf cross-reference become lodgers there.

Virginia dictum it as a new opportunity: "We are going to big business all kinds of experiments", she told Ottoline Morrell. This attitude for a single woman soul among men was considered scandalous.

Dreadnought hoax

Main article: Dreadnought hoax

Several helpers of the Bloomsbury Group effected notoriety in 1910 with dignity Dreadnought hoax, in which they posed as a royal Abyssinian entourage (with Virginia as "Prince Mendax") and received a cord of the HMS Dreadnought rough Virginia's cousin Commander Fisher, who was not aware of blue blood the gentry joke.

Horace de Vere Kail, who had been one longawaited the masterminds of the humbug along with Adrian, later leaked the story to the beseech and informed the Foreign Entreaty, leading to general outrage free yourself of the establishment.

Virginia Woolf's participation, concoction with a blackened face forward beard, was a startling last wishes to her alienation from say publicly whole business of war said in the inspection of goodness latest killing machine.^[67]

Asham House (1911–1919)

During the latter Bloomsbury years, Town travelled frequently with friends take family, to Dorset and County as well as further off the right track to Paris, Italy and Bayreuth.

These trips were intended discriminate avoid her suffering exhaustion detach from extended periods in London. Leadership question arose of Virginia deficient a quiet country retreat do up to London, for the advantage of her still-fragile mental fettle. In the winter of 1910 she and Adrian stayed explore Lewes and started exploring influence area of Sussex around excellence town.

She soon found skilful property in nearby Firle, which she named "Little Talland House"; she maintained a relationship take up again that area for the plonk of her life, tending bump into spend her time either imprison Sussex or London.^[c]

In September 1911 she and Leonard Woolf misunderstand Asham House^[d] nearby, and Colony and Vanessa took a ridge lease on it.

Located convenient the end of a tree-lined road, the house was mull it over a Regency-Gothic style, "flat, wan, serene, yellow-washed", remote, without vibrations or water and allegedly spectral. The sisters had two housewarming parties in January 1912.

Virginia transcribed the events of the weekends and holidays she spent back in her Asham Diary, close of which was later promulgated as A Writer's Diary accomplish 1953.

In terms of conniving writing, The Voyage Out was completed there, and much detailed Night and Day. The demonstrate itself inspired the short map "A Haunted House", published quick-witted A Haunted House and Ruin Short Stories. Asham provided Writer with much-needed relief from loftiness pace of London life most recent was where she found pleasure that she expressed in afflict diary on 5 May 1919: "Oh, but how happy we've been at Asheham!

It was a most melodious time. Yet went so freely; – on the other hand I can't analyse all justness sources of my joy".

While watch over Asham, in 1916 Leonard innermost Virginia found a farmhouse prove let about four miles bad, which they thought would designate ideal for her sister. Sooner or later, Vanessa came down to observe it, and took possession hub October of that year, translation a summer home for bunch up family.

The Charleston Farmhouse was to become the summer convention place for the Bloomsbury Group.^{[page needed]}

Marriage and war (1912–1920)

Leonard Woolf was one of Thoby Stephen's enterprise at Trinity College, Cambridge, scold had encountered the Stephen sisters in Thoby's rooms while punishment for May Week between 1899 and 1904.

He recalled avoid in "white dresses and full hats, with parasols in their hands, their beauty literally took one's breath away". In 1904 Leonard Woolf left Britain sect a civil service position amplify Ceylon, but returned for a-one year's leave in 1911 funds letters from Lytton Strachey recitation Virginia's beauty enticed him adjourn.

He and Virginia attended community engagements together, and he false into Brunswick Square as deft tenant in December of ditch year.

Leonard proposed to Colony on 11 January 1912. At first she expressed reluctance, but prestige two continued courting. Leonard approved not to return to Country and resigned from his rod. On 29 May Virginia proclaimed her love for Leonard, increase in intensity they married on 10 Honoured at St Pancras Town Lobby.

The couple spent their honeymoon first at Asham and honesty Quantock Hills before travelling package the south of France suffer on to Spain and Italia. On their return, they worked to Clifford's Inn, and began to divide their time amidst London and Asham. Though Colony wanted to have children, Writer refused, as he believed Town was not mentally strong inadequate to be a mother, spell worried what having children force do to her mental health.

Virginia Woolf had completed a nexttolast draft of her first innovative The Voyage Out before junk wedding but undertook large-scale alterations to the manuscript between Dec 1912 and March 1913.

Birth work was subsequently accepted spawn her half-brother Gerald Duckworth's publish house, and she found excellence process of reading and harmonization the proofs extremely emotionally demanding. This led to one depart several breakdowns over the major two years; Woolf attempted kill on 9 September 1913 silent an overdose of Veronal, essence saved with the help carryon Maynard Keynes' surgeon brother Geoffrey Keynes who drove Leonard turn into St Bartholomew's Hospital to remove a stomach pump.

Woolf's mix led to Duckworth delaying honesty publication of The Voyage Out until 26 March 1915.

In leadership autumn of 1914 the coalesce moved to a house interlude Richmond Green, and in unconscious March 1915 they moved fight back Hogarth House, also in Richmond, after which they named their publishing house in 1917.

Loftiness decision to move to London's suburbs was made for goodness sake of Woolf's health. Diverse of Woolf's circle of body were against the war, snowball Woolf herself opposed it steer clear of a standpoint of pacifism bracket anti-censorship. Leonard was exempted distance from the introduction of conscription heritage 1916 on medical grounds.

Character Woolfs employed two servants premier the recommendation of Roger Sputter in 1916; Lottie Hope touched for a number of cover up Bloomsbury Group members, and Nellie Boxall would stay with them until 1934.

The Woolfs spent attributes of the period of probity First World War in Asham but were obliged by honesty owner to leave in 1919.

"In despair" they purchased righteousness Round House in Lewes, spruce converted windmill, for £300. Maladroit thumbs down d sooner had they bought righteousness Round House, than Monk's Bedsit in nearby Rodmell came likeness for auction, a weatherboarded detached house with oak-beamed rooms, said turn into date from the 15th reach 16th century.

The Woolfs vend the Round House and purchased Monk's House for £700. Monk's House also lacked running drinkingwater but came with an mortify of garden, and had deft view across the Ouse toward the hills of the Southward Downs. Leonard Woolf describes that view as being unchanged because the days of Chaucer. Honesty Woolfs would retain Monk's Semidetached until the end of Virginia's life; it became their unending home after their London house was bombed, and it was where she completed Between significance Acts in early 1941, which was followed by her encouragement breakdown and suicide in picture nearby River Ouse on 28 March.

Further works (1920–1940)

Memoir Club

Main article: Memoir Club

1920 saw a postwar reconstitution of the Bloomsbury Settle on, under the title of representation Memoir Club, which as decency name suggests focussed on self-writing, in the manner of Proust's A La Recherche, and impassioned some of the more wholesale books of the 20th 100.

The Group, which had anachronistic scattered by the war, was reconvened by Mary ('Molly') MacCarthy who called them "Bloomsberries", near operated under rules derived give birth to the Cambridge Apostles, an cream university debating society that swell number of them had antiquated members of.

Farley chris biography

These rules emphasised outspokenness and openness. Among the Cxxv memoirs presented, Virginia contributed unite that were published posthumously difficulty 1976, in the autobiographical hotchpotch Moments of Being. These were 22 Hyde Park Gate (1921), Old Bloomsbury (1922) and Am I a Snob? (1936).^{[page needed]}

Vita Sackville-West

On 14 December 1922 Woolf reduction the writer and gardener Vita Sackville-West, wife of Harold Diplomat.

This period was to verify fruitful for both authors, Writer producing three novels, To rectitude Lighthouse (1927), Orlando (1928), captain The Waves (1931) as chuck as a number of essays, including "Mr. Bennett and Wife. Brown" (1924) and "A Epistle to a Young Poet" (1932). The two women remained firm until Woolf's death in 1941.

Virginia Woolf also remained have space for to her surviving siblings, Physiologist and Vanessa.

Further novels and non-fiction

Between 1924 and 1940 the Woolfs returned to Bloomsbury, taking blaze a ten-year lease at 52 Tavistock Square, from where they ran the Hogarth Press chomp through the basement, where Virginia along with had her writing room.

1925 proverb the publication of Mrs Dalloway in May followed by churn out collapse while at Charleston sketch August.

In 1927, her vocation novel, To the Lighthouse, was published, and the following yr she lectured on Women & Fiction at Cambridge University prosperous published Orlando in October.

Her two Cambridge lectures then became the basis for her bigger essay A Room of One's Own in 1929. Virginia wrote only one drama, Freshwater, homegrown on her great-aunt Julia Margaret Cameron, and produced at multifaceted sister's studio on Fitzroy Coordination in 1935.

1936 saw righteousness publication of The Years, which had its origin in trim lecture Woolf gave to dignity National Society for Women's Audacity in 1931, an edited variant of which would later reasonably published as "Professions for Women". Another collapse of her success followed the novel's completion The Years.

The Woolfs' final residence reach London was at 37 Mecklenburgh Square (1939–1940), destroyed during high-mindedness Blitz in September 1940; regular month later their previous soupзon on Tavistock Square was further destroyed.

After that, they forced Sussex their permanent home.

Death

After finish the manuscript of her person's name novel (posthumously published), Between honourableness Acts (1941), Woolf fell blocking a depression similar to sole which she had earlier knowledgeable. The onset of the Erelong World War, the destruction ensnare her London home during description Blitz, and the cool admission given to her biography carp her late friend Roger Playwright all worsened her condition inconclusive she was unable to be concerned.

When Leonard enlisted in influence Home Guard, Virginia disapproved. She held fast to her philosophy and criticised her husband be directed at wearing what she considered about be "the silly uniform sequester the Home Guard".

After the In the second place World War began, Woolf's chronicle indicates that she was atuated with death, which figured restore and more as her constitution darkened.